What's in a model? Epistemological analysis of Logic Programming
نویسنده
چکیده
It is commonly believed that the meaning of a formal declarative knowledge representation language is determined by its formal semantics. This is not quite so. This paper shows an epistemological ambiguity that arises in the context of logic programming. Several different logic programming formalisms and semantics have been proposed. Hence, logic programming can be seen as an overlapping family of formal logics, each induced by a pair of a formal syntax and a formal semantics. We would expect that (a) each such pair has a unique declarative reading and (b) for a program in the intersection of several formal LP logics with the same formal semantics in each of them, its declarative reading is the same in each of them. I show in this paper that neither (a) nor (b) holds. The paper investigates the causes and the consequences of this phenomenon and points out some directions to overcome the ambiguity.
منابع مشابه
Use of a mixed integer programming model to achieve an optimum size of blast block in open-pit mining with regard to size of mineable block using fuzzy logic approach
In this paper, we present an integrated model to find the optimum size of blast block that uses (i) a multi-criteria decision-making method to specify the applicable size of the mineable block; (ii) a linear programming method for the selection of the blasted areas to be excavated and in deciding the quantity of ores and wastes to be mined from each one of the selected blocks. These two methods...
متن کاملNurse rostering using fuzzy logic: A case study
In this paper, we used the fuzzy set theory for modeling flexible constraints and uncertain data in nurse scheduling problems and proposed a fuzzy linear model for nurse rostering problems. The developed model can produce rosters that satisfy hospital objectives, ward requirements and staff preferences by satisfying their requests as much as possible. Fuzzy sets are used for modeling demands of...
متن کاملDEA common set of weights based on a multi objective Fractional Programming
Data envelopment analysis operates as a tool for appraising the relative efficiency of a set of homogenous decision making units. This methodology is applied widely in different contexts. Regarding to its logic, DEA allows each DMU to take its optimal weight in comparison with other DMUs while a similar condition is considered for other units. This feature is a bilabial characteri...
متن کاملWhat's in a Fuzzy Set?
A modified version of the first-order logic of probability presented in (Halpern 1990) – with probability on possible worlds – makes it possible to formulate an alternative characterisation of fuzzy sets. In this approach, fuzzy sets are no longer seen as primitive entities with an intuitive justification, but rather as structured entities emerging in a suitable logical framework. Some fuzzy te...
متن کاملImproving the Calculation of RPN in the FMEA Method by Combining a Nonlinear Model with Revised TOPSIS and Fuzzy Logic
Introduction: Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (FMEA) is a structured way to find and understand the states of a system’s failure and to calculate the resulting effects. In this method, which has been criticized by many researchers, the risk priority number is obtained for each failure mode based on the multiplication of the three parameters of occurrence (O), severity (S) and detection (D). I...
متن کامل